µP

microPublication Biology

Rachel Harris1*, Ishaan Prasad1*, Sarah E. Weaver1*, Amer Abdulrab2, Ava A. Abernathy1, Amanda Ackerman3, Aaron Acosta3, Alexis Aguirre3ORCID logo, Hasan Al Wakeel2, Faize Alachkar2, Salette Alfaro3, Baylee Allen3, Amar'e Anderson4, Alexis Araiza3, Kayla Arroyo3, Kanza Arshad3, Selby Artis4, Merna W. Baqa2, Hannah E. Bauer1, Peyton L. Beduhn1, Grant Boylan4, Vrinda Brahmbhatt3, Matthew Brock Jr.4, Riley Bryant1, Catherine Byrne1, Reyna Carreno3, Alimamy Conteh4, Kennedy Cox3, Emily M. Daniel2, Mahamad Drammeh4, Briseida Espino3, Nathan Farmer4, Audrey Fields3, Rosalinda Flores Santizo3, Sema Gisele2, Maria Isabella Goolsby2, Efua A. Grant3, Xavier Graves4, Gabriella Greenlaw2, Lea Guelde3, Jeremiah Hall4, Jeremy Hall4, Zackary Harris4, Spelman M. Henry4, Mark Hensley3, Kenyon Hurd4, Malcolm Jolley4, Emily A. Kalaj2, Aleena Kallan3, Ravneet Kaur2, Chancellor Key4, Makenzie Klesch3, Paige Kocher1, Aspen Long3ORCID logo, Miguel Lopez3, Jason J. Lucas II2, Ji X. Luth2, Stacey D. Marcinkowski3, Guadalupe Martinez3, Kitzia Martinez3, Caniya McCray-Brown3, Lillian McDermott2, Meghan McVay3, Seth Middleton4, Aziz Milla3, Jabari Mobley4, Ryan L. Moore1, Izaiah Morris3, Michael Anthony Newman4, Ikenna C. Nwoke4, Angel Perez3, Kieli D. Phillips2, Mikaela Ramirez3, Erika Ramos3, Ali Reda2, Coriss Redmond4, Madeline Rentchler1, Ross S Rider1, Aiden Roschi3, Suhana A. Rouf2, Landon Scott4, Krishna Shah3ORCID logo, Connor E. Shin1, Lincoln Smith1, Albis Spahiu2, Justin St Cloud4, Imhotep Truitt4, Christian Tucker2, Kathryn E. Tyler1, Zachary Underwood4, Colin Vaughn4, Lainey Vazquez3, Meredith Weiss1, Javaun Whitehead4, Amare Williams4, Faith Williams2, Marissa N. Pezdek3ORCID logo, Hemin P. Shah3ORCID logo, Olivier Devergne3ORCID logo, Alexandra Peister4ORCID logo, Joyce Stamm5ORCID logo, Jacob D. Kagey2§ORCID logo, and Julie A. Merkle1*ORCID logo

1University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA

2University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA

3Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA

4Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA

5National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

§Correspondence to: Jacob D. Kagey (kageyja@udmercy.edu)

* Authors have equal contribution

Abstract

Description

Reagents

Acknowledgements

Funding

Author Contributions

  • Rachel Harris: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
  • Ishaan Prasad: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
  • Sarah E. Weaver: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
  • Amer Abdulrab: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ava A. Abernathy: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Amanda Ackerman: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Aaron Acosta: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Alexis Aguirre: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Hasan Al Wakeel: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Faize Alachkar: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Salette Alfaro: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Baylee Allen: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Amar'e Anderson: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Alexis Araiza: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kayla Arroyo: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kanza Arshad: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Selby Artis: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Merna W. Baqa: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Hannah E. Bauer: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Peyton L. Beduhn: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Grant Boylan: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Vrinda Brahmbhatt: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Matthew Brock Jr.: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Riley Bryant: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Catherine Byrne: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Reyna Carreno: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Alimamy Conteh: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kennedy Cox: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Emily M. Daniel: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Mahamad Drammeh: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Briseida Espino: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Nathan Farmer: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Audrey Fields: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Rosalinda Flores Santizo: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Sema Gisele: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Maria Isabella Goolsby: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Efua A. Grant: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Xavier Graves: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Gabriella Greenlaw: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Lea Guelde: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Jeremiah Hall: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Jeremy Hall: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Zackary Harris: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Spelman M. Henry: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Mark Hensley: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kenyon Hurd: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Malcolm Jolley: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Emily A. Kalaj: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Aleena Kallan: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ravneet Kaur: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Chancellor Key: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Makenzie Klesch: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Paige Kocher: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Aspen Long: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Miguel Lopez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Jason J. Lucas II: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ji X. Luth: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Stacey D. Marcinkowski: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Guadalupe Martinez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kitzia Martinez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Caniya McCray-Brown: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Lillian McDermott: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Meghan McVay: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Seth Middleton: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Aziz Milla: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Jabari Mobley: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ryan L. Moore: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Izaiah Morris: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Michael Anthony Newman: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ikenna C. Nwoke: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Angel Perez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kieli D. Phillips: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Mikaela Ramirez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Erika Ramos: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ali Reda: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Coriss Redmond: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Madeline Rentchler: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Ross S Rider: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft
  • Aiden Roschi: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Suhana A. Rouf: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Landon Scott: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Krishna Shah: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Connor E. Shin: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Lincoln Smith: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Albis Spahiu: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Justin St Cloud: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Imhotep Truitt: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Christian Tucker: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Kathryn E. Tyler: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Zachary Underwood: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Colin Vaughn: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Lainey Vazquez: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Meredith Weiss: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Javaun Whitehead: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Amare Williams: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Faith Williams: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
  • Marissa N. Pezdek: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing
  • Hemin P. Shah: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing
  • Olivier Devergne: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing
  • Alexandra Peister: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing
  • Joyce Stamm: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing - review & editing
  • Jacob D. Kagey: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing
  • Julie A. Merkle: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing

Reviewed By

Anonymous

Nomenclature Validated By

Anonymous

History

  • Received: 9/16/2025
  • Revision Received: 11/25/2025
  • Accepted: 12/3/2025
  • Published Online: 12/8/2025

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Copyright

© 2025 by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation

microPublication Biology is published by

1200 E. California Blvd. MC 1-43 Pasadena, CA 91125

The microPublication project is supported by

The National Institute of Health -- Grant #: 1U01LM012672-01

microPublication Biology:ISSN: 2578-9430